The vaginal microecology is one complex system of body's four ecological systems, meanwile it is also a very sensitive system, which may be affected easily by endogenous and extrinsic factors. With the rapid development of microecology, many emerged new research methods and techniques have provided the vaginal microecology more diagnostic methods and therapeutic tools, which will enhance people's understanding to the vaginal microecology. This artical mainly describe some new concepts of the vaginal microecology, vaginal flora, environment, influential factors, some evaluation methods, diadynamic criterias and treatments.