云南地区少数民族孕妇贫血现状及影响因素分析-东南大学学报医学版

云南地区少数民族孕妇贫血现状及影响因素分析

作者：张静¹ 王爱华¹ 宋英¹ 李子娟² 廖爱萍³ 赵艳迪⁴ 钟绍晶⁵ 杨华玲⁶ 杨锋⁷

单位：1. 昆明市妇幼保健院产科, 云南昆明 650000;
2. 昆明市盘龙区妇幼健康服务中心孕产保健部, 云南昆明 650000;
3. 大理州祥云县人民医院产科, 云南大理 672100;
4. 开远市妇幼保健院产科, 云南开远 661699;
5. 文山壮族苗族自治州人民医院产科, 云南文山

关键词：云南地区少数民族孕妇贫血影响因素

分类号：R556;R714.254

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·43·第六期（853-859）

摘要：

目的:调查云南地区多中心少数民族孕妇贫血现状,并分析其影响因素。方法:采用整群抽样的方法选取2023年1月至2023年12月在云南地区多家医院定期产检的600名少数民族孕妇作为研究对象,采用《孕妇综合调查表》对孕妇进行问卷调查,并对其行体格检查和实验室检查。分析孕妇贫血情况,并将其分为贫血组和未贫血组,应用Logistic回归分析法分析云南地区少数民族孕妇贫血的影响因素。结果:云南地区600名少数民族孕妇中有110名孕妇发生贫血,发生率为18.33%,其中轻度、中度、重度贫血的孕妇分别为71、36、3名。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥35岁、孕晚期、壮族、苗族、文化程度初中及以下、家庭人均年收入＜5 000元、居住在村镇、生育次数≥2次、孕期素食为主、孕期饮茶是云南地区少数民族孕妇贫血的危险因素(P＜0.05),孕期补铁、孕期营养指导是云南地区少数民族孕妇贫血的保护因素(P＜0.05)。结论:云南地区少数民族孕妇贫血发病率较高,年龄、孕期、民族、文化程度、家庭人均年收入、居住环境、生育次数、孕期饮食结构、孕期饮茶、孕期补铁、孕期营养指导是云南地区少数民族孕妇贫血的影响因素。

Objective: To investigate the current status of anemia in multi center ethnic minority pregnant women in Yunnan region and analyze its influencing factors. Methods: 600 ethnic minority pregnant women who underwent regular prenatal checkups in multiple hospitals in Yunnan region from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected as research subjects using cluster sampling method. Pregnant women were surveyed using the Comprehensive Pregnant Women Questionnaire, and they were underwent physical and laboratory examinations. The anemia situation of pregnant women was analyzed, and they were divided into anemia group and non anemia group. The influencing factors of anemia in ethnic minority pregnant women in Yunnan region was analyzed through Logistic regression analysis. Results: 110 pregnant women had developed anemia among 600 ethnic minority pregnant women in Yunnan region, and the incidence rate was 18.33%, and the pregnant women with mild, moderate and severe anemia were 71, 36 and 3 respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that age≥35 years old, late pregnancy, Zhuang nationality, Miao nationality, education level of junior high school or below, per capita annual income of family<5 000 yuan, residing in village or town, fertility frequency≥2 times, vegetarian diet during pregnancy, drinking tea during pregnancy were risk factors for anemia in ethnic minority pregnant women in Yunnan region(P<0.05), while iron supplementation during pregnancy and pregnancy nutrition guidance were protective factors for anemia in ethnic minority pregnant women in Yunnan region(P<0.05). Conclusion: The incidence rate of anemia among ethnic minority pregnant women in Yunnan region is relatively high, and age, pregnancy, nationality, educational level, per capita annual income of family, living environment, fertility frequency, dietary structure during pregnancy, drinking tea during pregnancy, iron supplementation during pregnancy and pregnancy nutrition guidance during pregnancy are the influencing factors for anemia in ethnic minority pregnant women in Yunnan region.

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