山东临沂某校小学一年级学生近视流行现状及其影响因素分析-东南大学学报医学版

山东临沂某校小学一年级学生近视流行现状及其影响因素分析

单位：1. 山东省临沂第五实验小学, 山东临沂 276017;
2. 山东省兰陵县庄坞镇初级中学, 山东兰陵 277724;
3. 南京大学医学院附属泰康仙林鼓楼医院儿科, 江苏南京 210046;
4. 南京大学医学院附属泰康仙林鼓楼医院内分泌科, 江苏南京 210046

关键词：小学近视现状影响因素临沂

分类号：R778.11

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·43·第四期（586-593）

摘要：

目的: 调查分析山东省临沂市某校小学一年级学生近视的流行现状及其影响因素,为小学阶段的近视防控提供科学依据。方法: 采用整群抽样法,对临沂市某校小学一年级的995名学生开展问卷调查,问卷由家长协助填写,运用SPSS 20.0软件进行数据的统计分析,单因素分析采用卡方检验,多因素分析运用Logistic回归分析。结果: 在参与调查对象中,男生523名,女生472名,总体近视率为8.2%;少数民族占2.1%(21/995)。单因素分析结果显示,近视与不近视的学生幼儿园时电子产品的使用、躺着看书或电子产品、眼保健操、学习过预防近视知识及预防近视宣传知识知晓率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,知道散瞳药物对眼睛无损害的学生发生近视的风险更低,不知晓良好的用眼习惯和分年龄管控其使用电子产品时间的学生发生近视的风险更高。结论: 山东省临沂市研究地区小学生近视比例相对较低。应重点关注用眼习惯不良和幼儿园电子产品使用时间过长的小学生视力情况,进一步加强预防近视知识宣传教育。

Objective: To investigate and analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of myopia among grade 1 students in a primary school in Linyi, Shandong Province, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia in primary school. Methods: Cluster sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 995 students the grade 1 in a primary school in Linyi. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and Logistic regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis. Results: There were 523 boys and 472 girls in the survey, and the overall myopia rate was 8.2%. Ethnic minorities accounted for only 2.1%(21/995).The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between myopic and non-myopic students in the use of electronic products in kindergarten, reading books or watching electronic products while lying down, eye exercises, learning myopia prevention knowledge and awareness of myopia prevention publicity knowledge(P<0.05),the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of myopia was lower for students who were unaware of the damage caused by my dilating drugs, students who did not have good eye habits and control of their electronic use were at higher risk of myopia. Conclusion: In the studied area of Linyi, Shandong Province, the proportion of primary school students with myopia is relatively low. We should pay more attention to the poor eye habit and the long time use of electronic products in kindergartens, and further strengthen the publicity and education of myopia prevention knowledge.

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