2011—2020年盐城市居民恶性肿瘤死亡流行病学特征及趋势分析-东南大学学报医学版

2011—2020年盐城市居民恶性肿瘤死亡流行病学特征及趋势分析

单位：1. 江苏医药职业学院, 江苏盐城 224000;
2. 盐城市疾病预防控制中心, 江苏盐城 224000;
3. 盐城市委党校, 江苏盐城 224000

分类号：R73-31

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2024·43·第二期（177-183）

摘要：

目的: 了解2011—2020年盐城市居民恶性肿瘤死亡流行病学特征及所致过早死亡情况,为防控恶性肿瘤、降低早死概率提供依据。方法: 收集2011—2020年盐城市户籍居民恶性肿瘤死亡资料,计算死亡率、年龄别率、标化死亡率、年度变化百分比(APC)、死因构成、减寿年数、早死概率等指标。结果: 2011—2020年,盐城市恶性肿瘤累计死亡人数177 716例,占总死亡人数的31.96%,是盐城市居民的首要死因。恶性肿瘤年均粗死亡率为217.07/10万,标化死亡率为150.73/10万, APC为-2.84%。恶性肿瘤死亡数及死亡率随年龄增长呈逐年增长趋势,各年龄组男女死亡数构成有差异(CMH趋势性检验 χ²=151.39,P<0.001),男性死亡率高于女性(χ²=30.91,P<0.001)。盐城市居民死亡数排名前10的恶性肿瘤依次为肺癌、食管癌、胃癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、直肠癌、脑癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌、结肠癌,占所有恶性肿瘤死亡总数的86.00%。盐城市居民因恶性肿瘤死亡累计减寿966 839.0人年,减寿率13.41%,标化减寿人年数847 247.23人年,标化减寿率11.75%,平均减寿年数11.33年。盐城市居民恶性肿瘤所致平均早死率为7.73%,恶性肿瘤总早死率由2011年的8.91%,下降到2020年的6.15%(APC=-4.02%,t=7.92,P<0.001)。结论: 恶性肿瘤死亡率、早死概率呈下降趋势,死亡率随年龄增长而上升,男性死亡率高于女性,肺癌位居恶性肿瘤死亡排名首位。不同性别、年龄人群恶性肿瘤死亡分布情况存在差异,对男女不同年龄段人群应采取不同的预防控制措施,减少恶性肿瘤的死亡。

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and trends of death of malignant tumors in Yancheng City from 2011 to 2020, so as to provide basis for prevention and control of malignant tumors. Methods: The data of malignant tumor death of registered residents in Yancheng City from 2011 to 2020 were collected, and the mortality rate, age classification rate, standardized mortality rate, annual percentage change(APC), cause of death and other indicators were calculated. Results: From 2011 to 2020, there were 556 128 cumulative reported deaths in Yancheng City, and 177 716 died of malignant tumors, accounting for 31.96% of the total deaths. Malignant tumor was the leading cause of death for residents in Yancheng City. The average annual crude mortality rate of malignant tumors was 217.07/100 000, the standardized mortality rate was 150.73/100 000, APC was -2.84%. The dead number and death rate of malignant tumors increased year by year with age, there were differences in the composition of male and female deaths in different age groups(CMH trend test χ²=151.39,P<0.001), male mortality was higher than female mortality(χ² =30.91,P<0.001). The top 10 malignant tumors among residents in Yancheng City were lung cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, hepatoma, pancreatic cancer, rectal cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer. These malignant tumors were accounting for 86.00% of all malignant tumor deaths. Yancheng residents died of malignant tumors with a cumulative loss of 966 839.0 person-years, a life reduction rate of 13.41%, standardized life reduction of 847 247.23 person-years, a standardized life reduction rate of 11.75%, and an average life loss of 11.33 years. The average premature mortality rate caused by malignant tumors in Yancheng City was 7.73%, and the total premature mortality rate of malignant tumors decreased from 8.91% in 2011 to 6.15% in 2020(APC=-4.02%, t=7.92, P<0.001).Conclusion: The mortality rate of malignant tumors in Yancheng City shows a downward trend from 2011 to 2020. Mortality increases with age, and male mortality is higher than female mortality. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. There are differences in the distribution of cancer deaths among people of different genders and ages. Different prevention and control measures should be taken for different age groups of men and women to reduce the death of malignant tumors.

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