糖皮质激素是由肾上腺皮质分泌的类固醇激素，因其强大的抗炎及免疫抑制作用，近年来被广泛应用于肾脏疾病的治疗，已成为肾脏疾病治疗的基础用药之一。在细胞和分子水平，糖皮质激素可通过与不同的糖皮质激素受体亚型或变体结合，从而发挥不同的药理作用。针对肾脏疾病不同的病因及病理类型，糖皮质激素治疗方案的选择、疗效及预后也不尽相同。然而，激素带来良好治疗效果的同时，也存在诸多不良反应。因此，如何合理有效应用糖皮质激素成为临床医师比较棘手的问题。此外，糖皮质激素治疗肾脏病的作用及机制尚未完全阐明。因此，进一步阐明糖皮质激素作用机制及临床应用进展，有助于激素在肾脏病治疗中合理应用，并且减少不良反应，从而延缓肾脏疾病的进展。

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