α-鹅膏毒肽（α-AMA）是含鹅膏毒肽类毒蘑菇最常见的毒素种类，现已成为我国食物中毒最主要致死因素，但α-AMA中毒肝损害的具体机制尚未清楚，且无特异性解毒剂，因此成为人们关注的焦点。α-AMA中毒导致氧化还原平衡失调产生过多活性氧（ROS）是肝损害重要因素之一，ROS作为凋亡上游信号分子激活P53表达，向线粒体内易位促进细胞色素C释放，抑制B细胞淋巴瘤-2（Bcl-2）家族基因和促进Bcl-2相关X蛋白（Bax）基因表达，进而使含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶（Caspase）级联反应触发线粒体凋亡途径，最终导致肝细胞异常凋亡造成肝脏严重损害。作者就ROS激活P53调控线粒体凋亡途径与α-AMA中毒肝损害之间的关系作一综述，进一步阐述α-AMA中毒肝损害的机制，展望α-AMA中毒肝损害治疗新方向。

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