外泌体是由细胞分泌释放到细胞外基质的纳米级膜性囊泡，其由脂质双层膜包裹。外泌体富含细胞特异的蛋白质、脂类以及核酸等多种生物活性物质，参与多种疾病的病理生理过程，可作为细胞间的重要信息载体，广泛参与细胞间的信息传递。近年来，越来越多的研究指出外泌体在一些肺部炎症性疾病的发病进展中发挥着重要作用，如急性呼吸窘迫综合征、支气管哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病等，故外泌体有望作为这些疾病的新型诊断标志物及生物治疗靶点。本文作者综述了外泌体在肺相关疾病中作用的研究进展。

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