支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia，BPD）是早产儿，尤其是极早、超早早产儿呼吸系统常见的疾病。BPD的病因及发病机制复杂，其中氧化应激（oxidative stress，OS）在BPD发生、发展的过程中发挥着重要作用。OS是指机体氧化/抗氧化失衡并诱发炎症反应，导致大量氧化中间产物蓄积，进而影响不成熟肺的正常发育。氧化作用、抗氧化能力、炎症反应三者相互独立但又相辅相成。良好的抗氧化能力有助于减少氧化中间产物的蓄积，减轻继发的炎症反应。抗氧化治疗可能成为有效预防或辅助治疗早产儿BPD的重要手段。因此，本文作者对OS在BPD中的作用以及针对BPD的抗氧化治疗的研究进展进行综述。

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