新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）是由严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒-2（SARS-CoV-2）感染引起的世界性大流行疾病，严重威胁人类健康。SARS-CoV-2是一种具有高传染性的新型冠状病毒，主要通过与人血管紧张素转换酶2受体结合进入宿主细胞。COVID-19的发病机制尚有待阐明，该病最常见的症状是发热和咳嗽等呼吸系统受侵犯的表现。横纹肌溶解症是COVID-19的一种罕见并发症，其发病机制尚不清楚，但是容易被漏诊和引起急性肾功能损伤，使病情恶化。作者对已报道的SARS-CoV-2感染相关的横纹肌溶解症案例临床资料进行了归纳总结，分析了可能的发病机制，并提出了预防和治疗建议。

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