新冠肺炎发热预检分诊护士的自我效能感及心理健康早期变化趋势与应对策略-东南大学学报医学版

新冠肺炎发热预检分诊护士的自我效能感及心理健康早期变化趋势与应对策略

单位：1. 四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院门诊部, 四川成都 610072;
2. 四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院心身医学中心, 四川成都 610072

分类号：R563.14;R749.92

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2020·39·第五期（575-581）

摘要：

目的:探索新冠肺炎疫情期间发热预检分诊处护理人员自我效能感及心理健康早期变化趋势,为重大疫情期间制定针对预检分诊护士的心理干预方案提供理论依据。方法:选取于四川省人民医院第1圈层发热预检分诊处的41名护士进行为期14 d的追踪调查。应用一般情况问卷、凯斯勒心理困扰量表(K-10)及一般自我效能感量表(GSES)在基线、第2天、第4天、第6天、第10天和第14天进行重复测量。应用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行统计分析,统计分析方法包括描述性分析、方差分析。结果:共35名完成全部随访,总体追踪率为85.37%。(1) 预检分诊护士不同时间点的GSES得分均低于常模(2.86±0.52)分;得分在第2天升高,第4天后呈现逐渐下降趋势,但不同时间点得分比较差异无统计学意义(F=2.090,P=0.068)。(2) GSES中条目5(以我的才智,我定能应付意料之外的情况)及条目10(无论什么事在我身上发生,我都能够应付自如)在不同时间点得分比较差异有统计学意义(F=2.375,P=0.040;F=2.673,P=0.023)。(3) 预检分诊护士K-10得分均较高,且呈现逐渐增高的趋势,但不同时间点得分比较差异无统计学意义(F=2.117,P=0.064)。(4) K-10中条目7(您是否经常感到沮丧)在不同时间点得分比较差异有统计学意义(F=2.534,P=0.030)。结论:新冠肺炎疫情期间预检分诊护士自我效能感与心理健康状况在早期便呈现逐渐变差的趋势。提示在疫情防控的同时应尽早开展针对一线护理人员的心理干预,以延缓其自我效能感降低,维护其心理健康状况。

Objectives: To explore self-efficacy and mental health early changing trend of nurses in fever pre examination and triage department during COVID-19, and provide a theoretical basis for formulating psychological intervention plan for pre examination triage nurses during major epidemic situations. Methods: A 14 days follow-up survey was conducted among 41 nurses in the first circle of fever pre examination and triage department of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital. The general situation questionnaire, 10 item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale(K-10) and General Self-efficacy Scale(GSES) were used to repeatedly measure on baseline, day 2, day 4, day 6, day 10 and day 14. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis, including descriptive analysis and variance analysis. Results: A total of 35 cases were followed up. The overall follow-up rate was 85.37%. (1) GSES scores of nurses in different time points were lower than the norm(2.86±0.52)scores; the scores increased on the second day and decreased gradually on the fourth day, but there was no significant difference between the scores at different time points(F=2.090,P=0.068). (2) In GSES, item 5(with my intelligence, I will be able to cope with unexpected situations) and item 10(no matter what happens to me, I can handle it easily) had statistical differences in scores at different time points(F=2.375, P=0.040; F=2.673, P=0.023). (3) The K-10 scores of the nurses in the pre examination and triage were higher and showed a trend of increasing gradually, but there was no significant difference in the scores at different time points(F=2.117, P=0.064). (4) The score of item 7 in K-10(whether you often feel depressed) was statistically different at different time points(F=2.534, P=0.030). Conclusion: The self efficacy and mental health status for nurses in fever pre examination and triage department showed a gradual deterioration in the early stage. It is suggested that at the same time of epidemic prevention and control, psychological intervention should be carried out as early as possible to delay the reduction of self-efficacy and maintain the mental health status for front-line nurses.

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