目的：探究同源异形盒基因A1（HOXA1）在口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）细胞株中的表达情况及其对OSCC细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭的影响。方法：采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（qRT-PCR）方法检测CAL27、Tca8113和SCC9细胞系中HOXA1的表达情况；将Tca8113细胞随机分为sh-HOXA1组、sh-NC组及Blank组3组，分别转染shRNA-HOXA1沉默载体、shNC-HOXA1空表达载体及空白对照磷酸缓冲液。分别采用细胞增殖毒性（CCK-8）法、流式细胞实验、细胞侵袭实验检测细胞增殖、凋亡及侵袭能力，采用蛋白质印迹法检测磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）、蛋白激酶B （AKT）及雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）的蛋白表达水平。结果：与正常口腔黏膜细胞株HOK相比，CAL27、Tca8113和SCC9细胞中HOXA1的表达水平明显增加（P<0.05）；与Blank组及sh-NC组相比，sh-HOXA1组细胞增殖和侵袭能力明显降低、细胞凋亡率明显增加；蛋白质印迹法检测结果显示，sh-HOXA1组PI3K、AKT和mTOR的蛋白表达水平明显低于Blank组和sh-NC组（P<0.05）。结论：HOXA1在OSCC细胞中表达上调；降低HOXA1表达可明显抑制OSCC细胞增殖及侵袭、诱导细胞凋亡，其作用机制可能是通过下调PI3K/AKT/mTOR信号通路实现的。

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