[1] BUSHMAN W.Etiology,epidemiology,and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].Urol Clin North Am,2009,36(4):403-415.
[2] PATEL N D,PARSONS J K.Epidemiology and etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder outlet obstruction[J].Indian J Urol,2014,30(2):170-176.
[3] SAFARINEJAD M R.Prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia in a population-based study in Iranian men 40 years old or older[J].Int Urol Nephrol,2008,40(4):921-931.
[4] 于普林,郑宏,苏鸿学.中国六城市老年人前列腺增生的患病率及相关因素[J].中华流行病学杂志,2000,21(4):276-279.
[5] LEPOR H.Pathophysiology,epidemiology,and natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].Rev Urol,2004,6 Suppl 9:S3-S10.
[6] PARK H J,WON J E,SORSABURU S,et al.Urinary tract symptoms (luts) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and LUTS/BPH with erectile dysfunction in Asian men:A systematic review focusing on tadalafil[J].World J Mens Health,2013,31(3):193-207.
[7] AUSTIN D C,STRAND D W,LOVE H L,et al.NF-kappaB and androgen receptor variant expression correlate with human BPH progression[J].Prostate,2016,76(5):491-511.
[8] BROSTER S A,KYPRIANOU N.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostatic disease[J].Future Oncol,2015,11(23):3197-3206.
[9] SLABÁKOVÁ E,PERNICOVÁ Z,SLAVÍČKOVÁ E,et al.TGF-β1-induced EMT of non-transformed prostate hyperplasia cells is characterized by early induction of SNAI2/Slug[J].Prostate,2011,71(12):1332-1343.
[10] XU H,CHEN Y,CHEN Q,et al.DNMT1 regulates IL-6 and TGF-β1-induced epithelial mesenchymal transition in prostate epithelial cells[J].Eur J Histochem,2017,61(2):2775
[11] BIANCHI-FRIAS D,VAKAR-LOPEZ F,COLEMAN I M,et al.The effects of aging on the molecular and cellular composition of the prostate microenvironment[J].PLoS One,2010,5(9):e12501.
[12] KULAC I,GUMUSKAYA B,DRAKE C G,et al.Peripheral zone inflammation is not strongly associated with lower urinary tract symptom incidence and progression in the placebo arm of the prostate cancer prevention trial[J].Prostate,2016,76(15):1399-1408.
[13] DELONGCHAMPS N B,DE LA ROZA G,CHANDAN V,et al.Evaluation of prostatitis in autopsied prostates——is chronic inflammation more associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia or cancer?[J].J Urol,2008,179(5):1736-1740.
[14] ROEHRBORN C.The impact of acute or chronic inflammation in baseline biopsy on the risk of progression in the MTOPS study[J].Eur Urol,2005,4(3):5.
[15] NICKEL J C,ROEHRBORN C G,O'LEARY M P,et al.The relationship between prostate inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms:examination of baseline data from the REDUCE trial[J].Eur Urol,2008,54(6):1379-1384.
[16] NICKEL J C,TRUE L D,KRIEGER J N,et al.Consensus development of a histopathological classification system for chronic prostatic inflammation[J].BJU Int,2001,87(9):797-805.
[17] NICKEL J C,ROEHRBORN C G,CASTRO-SANTAMARIA R,et al.Chronic prostate inflammation is associated with severity and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia,lower urinary tract symptoms and risk of acute urinary retention[J].J Urol,2016,196(5):1493-1498.
[18] ST SAUVER J L,JACOBSON D J,MCGREE M E,et al.Protective association between nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and measures of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].Am J Epidemiol,2006,164(8):760-768.
[19] KWON Y K,CHOE M S,SEO K W,et al.The effect of intraprostatic chronic inflammation on benign prostatic hyperplasia treatment[J].Korean J Urol,2010,51(4):266-270.
[20] KRAMER G,STEINER G E,HANDISURYA A,et al.Increased expression of lymphocyte-derived cytokines in benign hyperplastic prostate tissue,identification of the producing cell types,and effect of differentially expressed cytokines on stromal cell proliferation[J].Prostate,2002,52(1):43-58.
[21] ROBERT G,DESCAZEAUD A,NICOLAÏEW N,et al.Inflammation in benign prostatic hyperplasia:A 282 patients'immunohistochemical analysis[J].Prostate,2009,69(16):1774-1780.
[22] WYNN T A,CHAWLA A,POLLARD J W.Macrophage biology in development,homeostasis and disease[J].Nature,2013,496(7446):445-455.
[23] BISWAS S K,CHITTEZHATH M,SHALOVA I N.Macrophage polarization and plasticity in health and disease[J].Immunol Res,2012,53(1-3):11-24.
[24] MURRAY P J,WYNN T A.Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2011,11(11):723-737.
[25] GORDON S.Alternative activation of macrophages[J].Nat Rev Immunol,2003,3(1):23-35.
[26] VERRECK F A,DE BOER T,LANGENBERG D M,et al.Human IL-23-producing type 1 macrophages promote but IL-10-producing type 2 macrophages subvert immunity to (myco) bacteria[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2004,101(13):4560-4565.
[27] MOSSER D M.The many faces of macrophage activation[J].J Leukoc Biol,2003,73(2):209-212.
[28] MANTOVANI A,SICA A,SOZZANI S,et al.The chemokine system in diverse forms of macrophage activation and polarization[J].Trends Immunol,2004,25(12):677-686.
[29] JETTEN N,VERBRUGGEN S,GIJBELS M J,et al.Anti-inflammatory M2,but not pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages promote angiogenesis in vivo[J].Angiogenesis,2014,17(1):109-118.
[30] ELKAHWAJI J E.The role of inflammatory mediators in the development of prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer[J].Res Rep Urol,2012,5:1-10.
[31] KRAMER G,MARBERGER M.Could inflammation be a key component in the progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia?[J].Curr Opin Urol,2006,16(1):25-29.
[32] WANG X,LIN W J,IZUMI K,et al.Increased infiltrated macrophages in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH):role of stromal androgen receptor in macrophage-induced prostate stromal cell proliferation[J].J Biol Chem,2012,287(22):18376-18385.
[33] LÓPEZ-NOVOA J M,NIETO M A.Inflammation and EMT:An alliance towards organ fibrosis and cancer progression[J].EMBO Mol Med,2009,1(6-7):303-314.
[34] LAMOUILLE S,XU J,DERYNCK R.Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J].Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol,2014,15(3):178-196.
[35] KIM J H,HAN I H,KIM Y S,et al.Proliferation of prostate epithelia induced by IL-6 from stroma reacted with Trichomonas vaginalis[J].Parasite Immunol,2018,40(6):e12531.
[36] GOOSSENS S,VANDAMME N,VAN VLIERBERGHE P,et al.EMT transcription factors in cancer development re-evaluated:Beyond EMT and MET[J].Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer,2017,1868(2),584-591.
[37] LU T,LIN W J,IZUMI K,et al.Targeting androgen receptor to suppress macrophage-induced EMT and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) development[J].Mol Endocrinol,2012,26(10):1707-1715.
[38] SHAO R,SHI J,LIU H,et al.Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and estrogen receptor α mediated epithelial dedifferentiation mark the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].Prostate,2014,74(9):970-982.
[39] ALONSO-MAGDALENA P,BRÖSSNER C,REINER A,et al.A role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2009,106(8):2859-2863.
[40] POPOVICS P,SCHALLY A V,SALGUEIRO L,et al.Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone inhibit proliferation induced by inflammation in prostatic epithelial cells[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2017,114(6):1359-1364.
[41] MARTÍNEZ V G,RUBIO C,MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ M,et al.BMP4 induces M2 macrophage polarization and favors tumor progression in bladder cancer[J].Clin Cancer Res,2017,23(23):7388-7399.
[42] BORTHWICK L A,PARKER S M,BROUGHAM K A,et al.Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and airway remodelling after human lung transplantation[J].Thorax,2009,64(9):770-777. |
