难治性心源性休克仍是重症医学科患者收治的主要指征之一，积极、妥善处理心源性休克患者的原发疾病可以改善患者预后。然而这些患者病情危重，进展迅速，留给临床医师处理原发疾病的时间有限。循环支持和替代系统的应用可以为患者原发疾病的治疗赢得更多时间。近年来，随着技术进步，循环支持和替代系统的临床应用显著增加，近50年来应用最为广泛的是主动脉球囊反搏（intra-aortic balloon pump，IABP）。但近年研究发现，IABP不能降低患者死亡率，因此各专科协会对其临床应用的推荐级别也较前降低，这在一定程度上促进了新型循环支持系统的临床应用。目前新型循环支持/替代系统根据作用机制可分为仅提供血流动力学支持的循环支持系统及可替代心肺提供氧合并清除二氧化碳的体外生命支持系统。作者对近年临床应用的新型经皮置入循环支持/替代系统的作用机制及其相关临床使用问题的研究进展作一综述，以期为临床工作提供参考。

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