睾丸微石症（TM）是一种以睾丸曲细精管内钙沉积为特征的病症，在无症状男性中的患病率约为5%。TM无明显临床表现，发病与种族、社会地位、运动量、唐氏综合征、McCune-Albright综合征、隐睾症、家族睾丸癌病史、重型β-地中海贫血、不育症等因素相关，对精子质量有不利影响。对有生育要求的TM合并不育症患者，可考虑行体外受精（IVF）等方式使配偶受孕，防止TM进一步发展减少IVF成功的可能性。TM与睾丸恶性肿瘤的关系尚处于争论之中。TM没有有效的治疗方案，目前的方案仅限于其合并症如不育症的治疗和随访策略上，建议有危险因素的TM患者进行1年1次的彩超随访，其中剪切波弹性成像是灰阶超声的重要补充。本文作者对近年有关TM研究的文献报道作一综述。

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