造影剂肾病（contrast induced nephropathy，CIN）是指行血管造影或其他医疗过程中使用造影剂后所导致的急性肾功能损伤。它是冠状动脉造影（coronary angiography，CAG）及经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI）的并发症之一，是位列低灌注及药物性肾损伤之后引起院内急性肾损伤的第三大原因。它确切的病理生理学机制仍然不清楚，可能与髓质缺血、氧化应激、细胞凋亡等相关。CIN可导致预后不良，包括延长住院时间、增加死亡率、增加心血管疾病及终末期肾病的发病率等。CIN尚无有效治疗方案，重点在于预防。本文作者就CIN的定义、危险因素、风险评分、分子标志物、发病机制、预后及防治等作一综述。

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