急性心肌梗死（AMI）后心肌细胞凋亡坏死，不能有效代偿，引起心肌重塑，导致心力衰竭的发展。为了减少瘢痕组织形成并刺激心脏组织的再生，间充质干细胞（MSC）已经在AMI后应用并且显示出对心脏功能的益处。研究发现AMI后对炎症反应的调节，特别是与单核细胞/巨噬细胞的作用相关，是MSC治疗的重要方面。单核细胞和巨噬细胞用不同表型刺激或抑制炎症与心肌重塑，对心血管疾病病理生理学的重要贡献引起了人们的极大关注。为了更深入地了解MSC的这种作用，在本文中作者就MSC对单核细胞/巨噬细胞的这种调节作用作一综述。

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