目的：探讨吸烟对中晚期食管癌患者放化疗后相关并发症和相关指标及预后的影响。方法：选取我院收治的60例中晚期食管鳞癌患者，根据患者既往是否存在吸烟史分为研究组（有吸烟史）与对照组（无吸烟史），每组30例，比较两组患者的并发症等。结果：两组患者放射性肺炎发生情况比较有统计学差异（P<0.05），而两组放射性食管炎及骨髓抑制发生情况比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）；治疗前后，两组患者的血清及及病理相关分子的表达情况比较均有差异，且研究组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；血清VEGF、血清p53及Ki-67表达情况均与研究组患者治疗前的吸烟指数存在高度正相关（r=0.772、0.736、0.694，P均<0.05）；随访1年，两组患者的1年局部控制率及1年总生存率比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：吸烟在食管癌的发生及发展中起着非常重要的作用，其是中晚期食管癌患者放化疗治疗的一个重要的危险因素，因此，在临床中应对吸烟的食管癌患者倍加关注。

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