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2016年无锡市噪声作业工人高频听力损伤监测结果分析
作者:王宜庆  孙纳  王炜 
单位:无锡市疾病预防控制中心 职业卫生部, 江苏 无锡 214023
关键词:噪声 高频听力损伤 重点职业病 职业健康监护 
分类号:R135.8
出版年·卷·期(页码):2018·37·第六期(973-976)
摘要:

目的:了解无锡市噪声作业工人的听力损伤状况,研究其听力损伤的发病特点、变化趋势和规律,为制定职业病防治策略提供技术依据。方法:通过职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统获得2016年无锡地区40 445例噪声作业工人的体检资料和企业资料数据,整理、分析噪声作业工人的听力健康状况及高频听力损伤的相关因素。结果:噪声作业工人中高频听力损伤检出率为9.16%;男性高频听力损伤的检出率明显高于女性(χ2=353.6,P<0.01);经趋势卡方检验,不同年龄组、工龄组之间高频听力损伤检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=1 874.2、452.9,P<0.01),且检出率随年龄、工龄的增高呈明显上升趋势;按经济类型比较,私有经济企业噪声检查人数最多(48.40%),高频听力损伤检出率最高(11.67%);按企业规模比较,微型企业高频听力损伤检出率最高(13.14%);按行业类型比较,非金属矿物制品业高频听力损伤检出率最高(18.02%)。结论:本市噪声作业人员听力损害情况较为严重,监管部门应当对私有、微型企业加大监督管理力度,采取有效的综合防治措施,切实保护劳动者听力健康。

Objective:To understand the hearing damage status of noise exposed workers in Wuxi, and to study the characteristics, trends and rules of hearing damage, so as to provide technical basis for formulating occupational disease prevention strategies.Methods:According to the occupational disease and occupational health information monitoring system, the physical examination data and enterprise data of 40 445 workers exposed tonoise in Wuxi in 2016 were sorted out, and the hearing health status and related factors of high-frequency hearing damage were analyzed. Results:The high frequency hearing damage rate was 9.16% in these workers and male was significantly higher than female (χ2=353.6, P<0.01).According to the trend chi square test, there was a significant difference(χ2=1 874.2、452.9, P<0.01) in the detection rate of high frequency hearing damage in different age groups and working age groups, and the detection rates were significantly increased along with the increase of age and working age. By comparison of economic types, there was the largest number of people in private economic enterprises (48.40%), and also the highest detection rate of high frequency hearing damage (11.67%).By comparison of enterprise scales, there was the highest detection rate of high frequency hearing damage in micro enterprises (13.14%).By comparison of industry types, there was the highest detection rate of high frequency hearing damage in non-metallic mineral products industry (18.02%). Conclusion:The situation of hearing damage of noise workers in this city is serious. Supervision departments should strengthen supervision and management of key enterprises and key workers, and take effective measures for the sake of workers hearing health.

参考文献:

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