全身麻醉药（全麻药）是否会对发育期中枢神经系统造成损伤一直是临床麻醉医师关注的热点问题。美国食品与药品监督管理局（FDA）发布的药物安全通告引起了美国妇产科医师学会与美国麻醉医师协会的广泛关注与迅速回应，他们的回应参考了小儿麻醉神经发育测试、全麻与椎管内麻醉对照试验等研究，这些研究采用了不同的方法，得到的结论并不完全一致，且都存在一定的局限性。作者就全麻药对小儿神经发育影响的最新临床研究结果进行综述。

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