活性氧簇（ROS）是从分子氧衍化而来的活性成分，干细胞为组织工程、药物筛选、疾病模型的重要研究工具，生理水平ROS是干细胞第二信使，对干细胞增殖、分化和生存必不可少。需氧生物通过非毒性范围内ROS产生和清除的平衡系统调节ROS含量，一旦平衡被打破，细胞将经受氧化应激而造成细胞不可逆的损伤和被杀死，可引起许多疾病。肿瘤干细胞与非肿瘤干细胞相比，产生较少ROS。肿瘤细胞比正常细胞对ROS积聚更为敏感，因此推测外源性ROS可能是肿瘤治疗的有效途径。本综述详细描述了ROS对干细胞自我更新、分化的影响，介绍干细胞内ROS量的调控及其临床应用。

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