Objective:To investigate the effect of neurological deficit and inflammatory factors treated with drilling drainage combined with urokinase in patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage. Methods:Two-hundred and thirty-one patients with basal ganglia hemorrhage were enrolled in our study. One-hundred and four patients in control group were treated with surgery of drilling drainage,and one-hundred and twenty-seven patients in observation group were treated with surgery of drilling drainage and urokinase (2-4×10⁴U at a time,2-4 times·d^-1) for 3 to 5 days. Intracranial hematoma was evaluated at 3 d and 5 d after operation; The time of removal of the channel catheter was recorded; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score were used to evaluate the recovery of patients at day 3,7 and 14 after operation. The levels of C-reaction protein, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 as the inflammatory factors at day 14 after operation were detected,and the adverse reactions were recorded in two groups; Follow-up was performed at day 90 after treatment. Results:The intracranial hematoma clearance rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group at day 3 and 5,the time of removal of the channel catheter was significantly shortened in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05). The NIHSS scores of patients in the observation group were better than those in the control group at day 7 and day 14 after treatment (P<0.05); the total efficiency and the recovery rates in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (98.4%vs 91.3%,38.6%vs19.2%,respectively,P<0.05); inflammatory factors in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group(P<0.05); adverse reactions between two groups had no significant differences (P>0.05); NIHSS scores were better at day 90 after treatment in the observation group,the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion:The drilling drainage combined with urokinase can effectively improve the neural function recovery and reduce the inflammatory reaction in basal ganglia hemorrhage patients.