自20世纪90年代以来，大量的流行病学、临床、实验证据显示，炎症细胞在肿瘤细胞中的浸润，对于肿瘤的发生发展起着重要作用。浸润于肿瘤中的巨噬细胞、肥大细胞、中性粒细胞、T细胞、B细胞及其相关亚群，其释放的如肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）、表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、成纤维细胞生长因子2（FGF2）等细胞因子一方面通过重构细胞外基质（ECM）、介导上皮间质转分化（EMT）促进了肿瘤的发生、生长及转移，另一方面募集了骨髓源干细胞。后者和肿瘤干细胞可分化为上皮细胞、间质肌成纤维细胞等细胞亚群，促进肿瘤生长和血管形成，同时，骨髓源干细胞对于细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）、自然杀伤（NK）细胞的抑制作用可使肿瘤细胞在免疫机制中存活。在前列腺癌中，炎症反应与前列腺增殖性炎性萎缩（PIA）密切相关。大量的前列腺穿刺病理标本发现，前列腺癌组织及癌旁组织往往伴有前列腺炎症和炎症细胞的浸润。本文作者就肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞组分、炎症反应与前列腺癌发生发展的关系最新研究进展作一综述。

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