目的：探讨南京地区年轻女性人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）流行病学现状，旨在为HPV感染的防治提供科学依据。方法：回顾2014年1月至2015年12月在中大医院妇产科门诊及相关科室就诊并行HPV检测的896例年轻女性（18~30岁）的临床及病理资料，并初步探讨年轻人群中HPV感染与宫颈病变的相关性。结果：在纳入的896例年轻女性中，HPV阳性者共281例，占31.36%。高危型人乳头瘤病毒（hrHPV）检出率最高的前5种型别分别为HPV52、HPV16、HPV53、HPV39及HPV58；低危型人乳头瘤病毒（lrHPV）检出率最高的前3种型别分别为HPV81、HPV6及HPV11。132例年轻患者行阴道镜下活检，根据组织病理74例纳入宫颈良性病变组，平均年龄为26岁；19例纳入低级别宫颈鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）组，平均年龄为27.3岁；34例纳入高级别宫颈鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）组，平均年龄28.2岁；5例确诊为宫颈癌，实足年龄均为30岁。不同级别的宫颈病变组间存在年龄差异，且有统计学意义（P<0.05）。在伴有HPV感染的年轻女性中，HSIL的发生率为45.68%，显著高于不伴HPV感染的年轻女性（3.92%），差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：南京地区年轻女性最常见的hrHPV分别为HPV52、HPV16、HPV53、HPV39及HPV58。伴有hrHPV感染的年轻女性，随着年龄增长，更易出现HSIL。

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