目的：对比分析标准通道（F24~F34）和微通道（F16~F18）经皮肾镜（PCNL）治疗感染性肾结石的效果。方法：在PubMed、Embase、CNKI、万方等医学数据库，检索PCNL治疗肾结石的临床随机对照试验（RCT），由两位工作者独立提取文献数据，利用Stata 14.0软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析，探索标准通道和微通道的治疗效果。结果：本研究共纳入11篇随机对照试验文献，包括2 152例肾结石病人，Meta分析结果显示低肾盂压力下微通道PCNL （MPCNL）并发症RR=0.63（95% CI：0.63~1.06），术中出血量RR=-0.94（95% CI：-1.29~-0.59）；PCNL并发症RR=0.39（95% CI：0.21~0.71），术中出血量RR=-1.48（95% CI：-1.87~-1.08）。结论：低肾盂压力下可以减少术后并发症及术中出血量；但MPCNL的治疗效果（结石清除率及术后并发症发生率）与PCNL比较没有明显的优势。

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