目前临床上仍无根治病理性瘢痕的方法。近年来，A型肉毒毒素（BTXA）用于预防和治疗病理性瘢痕成为研究热点，但其临床疗效尚未得到证实。作者分析了病理性瘢痕的形成过程、BTXA的作用机制等基础研究结果，回顾了BTXA用于增生性瘢痕、瘢痕疙瘩预防及治疗的临床研究结果，阐述了现有临床研究存在的不足，指出需行更多大规模随机对照实验及循证诊疗来指导BTXA在临床上的应用。

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