[1] PRINCE M,WIMO A,GUERCHET M,et al.World Alzheimer Report 2015:The global impact of dementia:an analysis of prevalence,incidence,cost and trends[EB/OL].2015.Available online:http://www.alz.co.uk.
[2] ROSENBERG G A,WALLIN A,WARDLAW J M,et al.Consensus statement for diagnosis of subcortical small vessel disease[J].J Cereb Blood Flow Metab,2016,36(1):6-25.
[3] KALARIA R N,AKINYEMI R,IHARA M.Stroke injury,cognitive impairment and vascular dementia[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2016,1862(5):915-925.
[4] GORELICK P B,SCUTERI A,BLACK S E,et al.Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia:a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association[J].Stroke,2011,42(9):2672-2713.
[5] ROMAN G C.A historical review of the concept of vascular dementia:lessons from the past for the future[J].Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord,1999(Suppl 3):s4-8.
[6] HACHINSKI V C,LASSEN N A,MARSHALL J.Multi-infarct dementia:A cause of mental deterioration in the elderly[J].Lancet,1974,2(7874):207-210.
[7] LOEB C.Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of vascular dementia[J].Eur Neurol,1988,28(2):87-92.
[8] HACHINSLD V C,BOWLER J V.Vascular dementia[J].Neurology,1993,43(10):2159-2160.
[9] ROCKWOOD K,EBLY E,HACHINSKI V,et al.Presence and treatment of vascular risk factors in patients with vascular cognitive impairment[J].Arch Neurol,1997,54(1):33-39.
[10] GORELICK P B,BOWLER J V.Advances in vascular cognitive impairment[J].Stroke,2013,44(2):307-308.
[11] KAPASI A,SCHNEIDER J A.Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment,clinical Alzheime's disease,and dementia in older persons[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2016,1862(5):878-886.
[12] HACHINSKI V,LADECOLA C,PETERSEN R C,et al.National institute of neurological disorders and stroke-canadian stroke network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards[J].Stroke,2006,37(9):2220-2241.
[13] WARDLAW J M,SMITH C,DICHGANS M.Mechanisms of sporadic cerebral small vessel disease:insights from neuroimaging[J].Lancet Neurol,2013,12(5):483-497.
[14] BIESSELS G J.Diagnosis and treatment of vascular damage in dementia[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2016,1862(5):869-877.
[15] BANERJEE G,WILSON D,JÄGER H R,et al.Novel imaging techniques in cerebral small vessel diseases and vascular cognitive impairment[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2016,1862(5):926-938.
[16] CHAUDHARI T S,VERMA R,GARG R K,et al.Clinico-radiological predictors of vascular cognitive impairment(VCI)in patients with stroke:a prospective observational study[J].J Neurol Sci,2014,340(1-2):150-158.
[17] TOMLINSON B E,BLESSED G,ROTH M.Observations on the brains of demented old people[J].J Neurol Sci,1970,11(3):205-242.
[18] KALARIA R N,AKINYEMI R,IHARA M.Stroke injury,cognitive impairment and vascular dementia[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2016,1862(5):915-925.
[19] HATTORI Y,ENMI J,KITAMURA A,et al.A novel mouse model of subcortical infarcts with dementia[J].J Neurosci,2015,35(9):3915-3928.
[20] PAVLOVIC A M,PEKMEZOVIC T,TOMIC G,et al.Baseline predictors of cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2014(Suppl 3):S37-43.
[21] GORELICK P B,COUNTS S E,NYENHUIS D.Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2016,1862(5):860-868.
[22] van VELUW S J,HILAL S,KUIJF H J,et al.Cortical microinfarcts on 3T MRI:Clinical correlates in memory-clinic patients[J].Alzheimers Dement,2015,11(12):1500-1509.
[23] HAYAKAWA K,LO E H.Brain-peripheral cell crosstalk in white matter damage and repair[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2015,1862(5):901-908.
[24] BENEDICTUS M R,van HARTEN A C,LEEUWIS A E,et al.White Matter Hyperintensities Relate to Clinical Progression in Subjective Cognitive Decline[J].Stroke,2015,46(9):2661-2664.
[25] KOOISTRA M,GEERLINGS M I,van der GRAAF Y,et al.Vascular brain lesions,brain atrophy,and cognitive decline.The second manifestations of arterial disease-magnetic resonance(SMART-MR)study[J].Neurobiol Aging,2014,35(1):35-41.
[26] TULADHAR A M,REID A T,SHUMSKAYA E,et al.Relationship between white matter hyperintensities,cortical thickness,and cognition[J].Stroke,2015,46(2):425-432.
[27] GLOVER G H.Overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging[J].Neurosurg Clin N Am,2011,22(2):133-139.
[28] YIN H,YI L Y,WANG J H.Detection of PCC functional connectivity characteristics in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment:A resting-state fMRI study[J].Alzheimers Dement,2012,8(4):596-597.
[29] DACOSTA-AGUAYO R,GRANA M,ITURRIA-MEDINA Y,et al.Impairment of functional integration of the default mode network correlates with cognitive outcome at three months after stroke[J].Hum Brain Mapp,2015,36(2):577-590.
[30] ZHOU X,HU X,ZHANG C,et al.Aberrant functional connectivity and structural atrophy in subcortical vascular cognitive impairment:relationship with cognitive impairments[J].Front Aging Neurosci,2016,8(1):14.
[31] YU Y,ZHOU X,WANG H,et al.Small-world brain network and dynamic functional distribution in patients with subcortical vascular cognitive impairment[J].PLoS One,2015,10(7):e0131893.
[32] GONS R A,van OUDHEUSDEN L J,de LAAT K F,et al.Hypertension is related to the microstructure of the corpus callosum:the RUN DMC study[J].J Alzheimers Dis,2012,32(3):623-631.
[33] CHOUDHRI A F,CHIN E M,BLITZ A M,et al.Diffusion tensor imaging of cerebral white matter:technique,anatomy,and pathologic patterns[J].Radiol Clin North Am,2014,52(2):413-425.
[34] WANG R,FRATIGLIONI L,LAUKKA E J,et al.Effects of vascular risk factors and APOE ε4 on white matter integrity and cognitive decline[J].Neurology,2015,84(11):1128-1135.
[35] TULADHAR A M,van NORDEN A G,de LAAT K F,et al.White matter integrity insmall vessel disease is related to cognition[J].Neuroimage Clin,2015,7:518-524.
[36] TUMATI S,MARTENS S,ALEMAN A.Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in mild cognitive impairment:systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Neurosci Biobehav Rev,2013,37(10):2571-86.
[37] GASPAROVIC C,PRESTOPNIK J,THOMPSON J,et al.1H-MR spectroscopy metabolite levels correlate with executive function in vascular cognitive impairment[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2013,84(7):715-721.
[38] NITKUNAN A,CHARLTON R A,BARRICK T R,et al.Reduced n-acetylaspartate is consistent with axonal dysfunction in cerebral small vessel disease[J].NMR Biomed,2009,22:285-291.
[39] LAAKSO M P,JUKARAINEN N M,VEPSÄLÄINEN J.Diagnosis of dementias by high-field 1H MRS of cerebrospinal fluid[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2015,86(12):1286-1290.
[40] GREENBERG S M,VERNOOIJ M W,CORDONNIER C,et al.Cerebral microbleeds:a guide to detection and interpretation[J].Lancet Neurol,2009,8(2):165-174.
[41] REICHENBACH J R,VENKATESAN R,SCHILLINGER D J,et al.Small vessels in the human brain:MR venography with deoxyhemoglobin as an intrinsic contrast agent[J].Radiology,1997,204(1):272-277.
[42] CHENG A L,BATOOL S,MCCREARY C R,et al.Susceptibility-weighted imaging is more reliable than T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo MRI for detecting microbleeds[J].Stroke,2013,44(10):2782-2786.
[43] LEI C,LIN S,TAO W,et al.Association between cerebral microbleeds and cognitive function:a systematic review[J].J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry,2013,84(6):693-697.
[44] AYAZ M,BOIKOV A S,HAACKE E M,et al.Imaging cerebral microbleeds using susceptibility weighted imaging:one step toward detecting vascular dementia[J].J Magn Reson Imaging,2010,31(1):142-148.
[45] POELS M M,IKRAM M A,van der LUGT A,et al.Cerebral microbleeds are associated with worse cognitive function:The Rotterdam scan study[J].Neurology,2012,78(5):326-333.
[46] IKRAM M K,HILAL S,CATINDING J,et al.Cerebral microbleeds and cognitive impairment in community-dwelling elderly from Singapore[J].Alzheimers Dement,2012,8:618. |
