胰高血糖素样多肽（GLP-¹）是由进食刺激肠道L细胞分泌的肠促胰素，通过与GLP-¹R结合发挥胰腺内和胰腺外两方面的功能。在人体，GLP-¹R广泛分布在肠道、中枢神经系统、肺脏、肾脏、垂体、心脏及血管内皮等部位。越来越多的研究发现，GLP-¹除了有促胰岛素分泌、抑制胰高血糖素分泌、促进胰岛β细胞增生且抑制其凋亡等胰腺内作用外，还表现出许多令人欣喜的胰腺外功能，如：抑制胃排空、增加饱腹感、增加外周组织对胰岛素的敏感性及心血管、神经系统等保护作用。基于GLP-¹独特的胰腺内和胰腺外生理功能，在²型糖尿病（Þ²ÐM）的病理生理中GLP-¹成为重要的阻止疾病进展的保护性因素。近年来研究者一直试图拓展以GLP-¹为靶点的治疗策略在Þ²ÐM中的应用。因此，作者对GLP-¹在Þ²ÐM病理生理中的作用、相关分子作用机制的研究新进展以及GLP-¹在Þ²ÐM治疗方面的新突破进行综述。

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