目的：分析并预测血尿素氮对呼吸危重症患者死亡风险的预测价值，为临床对疾病的预后及转归的预测提供帮助。方法：选择入住呼吸重症监护病房（RICU）的患者共373名，根据患者的预后分为死亡组及存活组，对两组患者进行住院时间、APACHE Ⅱ评分及血尿素氮等检查，分别采用T检验、Logistic回归分析及ROC曲线下面积等方法，分析影响RICU患者预后的相关因素。结果：患者存活率为71.05%，死亡率为28.95%。死亡组和存活组APACHE Ⅱ评分，入院及出院时白蛋白、血尿素氮，出院时肌酐比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。RICU住院时间、APACHE Ⅱ评分及血尿素氮是影响RICU患者预后的独立因素，其中住院时间的回归系数为0.013，优势比（OR）为1.013，（P<0.05）；APACHE Ⅱ评分的回归系数为-0.117，优势比（OR）为0.890（P<0.05）；出院尿素回归系数为-0.063，优势比（OR）为0.939（P<0.05），以血尿素氮为10.65 mmol·L^-1截点分为低危组与高危组，对预后的预测最佳。结论：呼吸危重症患者血尿素氮增加与预后不良相关，RICU住院时间、APACHE Ⅱ评分及血尿素氮是影响RICU患者预后的独立因素，RICU临床医生可根据BUN值及变化幅度对预后进一步评估。

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