Objective: Results of in-vitro detection of allergens of 2 048 cases of children with respiratory diseases in Nanjing Children's Hospital in recent years were analyzed, to provide references for clinical treatment as well as prevention and treatment of diseases. Methods: The allergen detection system Allergyscreen Analvtic GmbH from Mediwiss(Germany) was used to perform detection of 14 types of allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the serum of 2 048 cases of children with suspected allergy-caused respiratory diseases in Nanjing Children's Hospital from November 2012 to November 2015 and 104 cases of children from health examination. Moreover, related data was used to perform analysis. Results: For respiratory allergen diseases, house dust mites had the highest positive rate, dog and cat dander had the second highest, and milk had the third highest. Among inhaled allergens, house dust mites had the highest positive rate, and among ingested allergens, milk had the highest positive rate. Differences in groups of allergens of male children and female children were statistically insignificant. for the children below 4 years old, allergens in the food had relatively high positive rates(P<0.05), and for children above 4 years old, inhaled allergens had high positive rates(P<0.05). Conclusion: For children with respiratory diseases in Jiangsu and Anhui districts, house dust mites, dog and cat dander, and beef and mutton were the most common allergens.