目的：通过对胸闷、气短患儿病因的分析，为其临床诊治提供依据。方法：选择2011年1月至2014年12月在我院小儿心脏病房以胸闷、气短为主诉就诊的患儿224例，将其分为感染组和非感染组，进行病因的统计学分析。结果：（1）肺炎支原体感染是儿童时期最常见病原，可以引起瓣膜轻微返流。（2）链球菌感染也可以引起胸闷、气短。（3）感染组过敏原阳性率明显低于非感染组（P<0.05）。（4） 33例心电图发现早搏，97例心脏超声有二、三尖瓣微量反流。结论：儿童时期出现胸闷、气短症状常为感染诱发，肺炎支原体最常见，且其对心肌损害比例最高。食物、呼吸过敏原可能是无感染患儿胸闷、气短症状发生的主要诱因。精神心理因素是年长儿出现胸闷、气短因素之一。

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