江苏省农村留守与非留守妇女生命质量及其影响因素对比研究-东南大学学报医学版

江苏省农村留守与非留守妇女生命质量及其影响因素对比研究

作者：苗春霞¹ 颜雅娟¹ 姜金星¹ 王问海² 卓朗¹ 高翔¹ 刘慎军³ 赵世鸿¹

单位：1. 徐州医学院公共卫生学院, 江苏徐州 221004;
2. 徐州市卫生计生委农卫处, 江苏徐州 221004;
3. 徐州医学院国际合作交流处, 江苏徐州 221004

分类号：R173

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2016·35·第四期（496-502）

摘要：

目的：了解江苏省农村留守与非留守妇女生命质量及其影响因素，提出针对性的对策和措施，促进新农村社会的和谐稳定发展。方法：采用分层随机抽样方法，以自行设计的问卷及世界卫生组织生命质量量表简表（WHOQOL-BREF）对江苏省农村825名留守妇女和726名非留守妇女进行问卷调查。结果：（1）农村留守妇女的社会关系、环境维度低于非留守妇女（均P<0.05），生理、心理维度无差异。（2）与常模比较，留守妇女生理、心理维度得分低，环境维度得分高（均P<0.05）。（3）多元逐步回归分析显示，留守和非留守妇女生命质量共同的影响因素有劳动压力、躯体健康状况、睡眠质量、婆媳关系、家庭年收入。留守妇女生命质量的影响因素还包括文化程度、就医及时情况、丈夫回家频率、丈夫外出对孩子教育影响、丈夫外出后家里经济变化；非留守妇女生命质量的影响因素还包括年龄、辅导孩子功课次数、教育孩子压力。结论：江苏省农村留守妇女生命质量较差；文化程度低、劳动压力大、躯体健康状况差、就医不及时、睡眠质量差、婆媳关系不好、家庭年收入低、丈夫回家频率低、丈夫外出对孩子教育影响不好、丈夫外出后家里经济变差者生命质量较差。

Objective:To study the situation and influencing factors of life quality of rural left-behind and non-left-behind women in Jiangsu, and to construct the countermeasures to improve life quality of rural left-behind women and to promote the development of the new countryside of Jiangsu harmoniously. Methods:Eight hundred and twenty-five rural left-behind women and 726 non-left-behind women were selected by the stratified random sampling method and were investigated by WHOQOL-BREF and self-designed questionnaire. Results:(1) The dimensions of social relations and environment dimensions of rural left-behind women were worse than those of non-left-behind women (P<0.05), but there were no differences in physical and psychological dimensions (P>0.05). (2) The physical and psychological dimensions of rural left-behind women were worse than those of the norm, and the dimensions of environment were better (P<0.05). (3) Stepwise regression analysis showed that the pressure of labor, physical health, sleeping quality, relation with mother-in-law and family annual income were the factors that influenced the life quality of both left-behind and non-left-behind women. In addition to these, factors that influenced the life quality of rural left-behind women included the level of education, medical service on time, frequency of husband's going home, problems of children's education and changes of family income, and the influencing factors of non-left-behind women consisted of age, frequency of tutoring children and pressure of educating children. Conclusion:The quality of life of rural left-behind women in Jiangsu is poor. Low degree of education, high pressure of labor, poor physical conditions, unable to obtain medical service timely, poor sleeping quality, bad relationships with mother-in-laws, low family annual income, low frequency of husband's going home and problems of children's education are the main influencing factors.

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