对于前列腺癌,前列腺癌根治术、根治性放疗以及内分泌治疗均是有效的治疗方法。随着疾病的进展,大多数前列腺癌最终发展为去势抵抗性前列腺癌,而在这一期前列腺癌中有效的治疗手段相对有限。同时在前列腺癌的诊断中,随着临床应用的深入和扩大,最常用的生物标志物前列腺特异性抗原也显现出其局限性。因此在前列腺癌的诊疗过程中急需一种更加有效的生物标志物及治疗靶点,从而做到早期诊断和靶向治疗。微小核糖核酸(miRNAs)是一类短链核苷酸序列,可在转录后水平调控基因表达。已有大量的研究证明,miRNAs在包括前列腺癌在内的许多肿瘤中的表达与正常组织相比有明显差异。然而在实际应用中,临床工作者更希望从患者生物体液中直接获得相关信息以达到早期快速诊断与预测。近年来有越来越多的研究开始关注生物体液中miRNAs的分析,作者就生物体液miRNAs与前列腺癌的研究进展及应用前景作一综述。

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