Objective:To study the relationship of the expression of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and with apoptosis and gastritis. Methods:112 patients with gastritis as a study group and 56 healthy volunteers of the same age as a control group were selected. All patients' liver function, blood routine, blood pressure and heart rate were examined the next day in the hospital. Next, the study group was furthermore divided into 3 groups according to illness severity, the levels of TNF-α and iNOS were compared. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis methods were used to analyze the correlation on iNOS, TNF-α with gastritis and apoptosis. Results:(1) The more severe the disease, the higher the levels of iNOS and TNF-α would be. Moreover, both iNOS and TNF-α levels were significantly higher than those in the control group. (2) Apoptotic cells were significantly different from normal cells in morphology, size and TUNEL staining. At the same time, when TNF-α ≥1.0 ng·mg^-1, AI was significantly higher than that when TNF-α<1.0 ng·mg^-1. When iNOS≥100 mm^-2, AI was significantly higher than that when iNOS<100 mm^-2. (3) Both iNOS and TNF-α levels positively correlated with the incidence of gastritis and apoptosis with significant differences. Conclusion:Inflammatory reaction of gastric mucosa for patients with gastritis may be related to the secretion of TNF-α and iNOS and they may induce apoptosis of gastric mucosal cells.