纳米二氧化硅对职业暴露人群健康危害的调查-东南大学学报医学版

纳米二氧化硅对职业暴露人群健康危害的调查

单位：1. 东南大学公共卫生学院环境医学工程教育部重点实验室, 江苏南京 210009;
2. 苏州工业园区疾病防治中心, 江苏苏州 215021

分类号：R135

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2015·34·第五期（721-725）

摘要：

目的:调查纳米二氧化硅(SiO₂)对职业接触工人健康的影响。方法:采用职业卫生调查方法调查苏州某热塑材料混合公司和某橡胶有限公司的职业卫生现况;滤膜增重法测定总粉尘浓度(短时间接触浓度C-STEL,以其他粉尘计)。两个企业中接触纳米SiO₂的工人与不接触纳米SiO₂的技术管理人员分别设为接触组与对照组,各13例。测定血常规、生化指标,进行B超、心电图、肺功能、高千伏X线胸片,ELISA法测定血清中铜蓝蛋白(CP)、层粘连蛋白(LN)含量。结果:两个企业纳米SiO₂投料口总粉尘浓度为0.26~255.5 mg·m^-3;接触组工人中,除了分别有1名工人丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、尿素氮(BUN)、总胆红素(STB)分别超出正常水平外,其余各项指标均在正常参考值范围内,高千伏X线胸片、肺功能、心电图、B超检测均未发现异常;两组人员的血常规、血生化及CP、LN含量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:需加大样本量及随访研究纳米SiO₂对接触人群健康的影响,加强纳米SiO₂作业场所的职业卫生监督管理。

Objective: To investigate the health hazards of occupational exposure to nanosized SiO₂, in order to provide epidemiological data for the application, safety evaluation and protection of nanosized SiO₂. Methods:Workers' health statuses of Suzhou Thermoplastic Material Mixation Company and Suzhou Rubber Limited Liability Company were examined by the method of occupational health survey. Total dust concentration(C-STEL to other dust meter) in the air of workplace was determined by filter membrane weight assay.13 workers exposure to nanosized SiO₂ and 13 technical and managerial personnel without the exposure to nanosized matched with similar gender, age and service length were performed blood routine, blood biochemistry,B ultrasound, ECG, pulmonary function and high-kilovoltage(kV) chest radiograph. Ceruloplasmin(CP) and laminin(LN) in serum were detected by ELISA assay. Results: Total dust concentration of 2 was 0.26-255.5 mg·m^-3. Abnormalities of 13 workers exposed to nanosized SiO₂ were not found by determination of B ultrasound, ECG, pulmonary function and high-kV chest radiograph. Blood routine and blood biochemistry indexes of 13 workers exposed to nanosized SiO₂ were within the normal reference range except that 1 workers' alanine aminotransferase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN) and serum total bilirubin(STB) beyond the normal level. There were no statistical significance of indexes of blood routine and blood biochemistry, CP and LN between staff of exposure and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: It is necessary to increase sample size and to perform follow-up studies on health effects of exposions to nanosized SiO₂.Occupation health supervision and management should be strengthened in the workplace of nanosized SiO₂.

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