近年来许多研究表明非编码RNA(ncRNAs)与前列腺癌的发生、进展、转移、诊断和治疗密切相关.在血清及尿液中可以检测到ncRNAs水平的改变,有学者认为ncRNAs可作为治疗的新靶点.本综述旨在于阐述非编码RNA在前列腺癌诊断及治疗中的最新进展.

[1] REINHART B J,WEINSTEIN E G,RHOADES M W,et al.MicroRNAs in plants[J].Genes Dev,2002,16:1616-1626.
[2] CHEN C Z,LI L,LODISH H F,et al.MicroRNAs modulate hematopoietic lineage differentiation[J].Science,2004,303:83-86.
[3] XU P,VERNOOY S Y,GUO M,et al.The Drosophila microRNA MiR-14 suppresses cell death and is required for normal fat metabolism[J].Curr Biol,2003,13:790-795.
[4] BUENO M J,PE'REZ de CASTRO I,MALUMBRES M.Control of cell proliferation pathways by microRNAs[J].Cell Cycle,2008,7:3143-3148.
[5] 王旭辉,陈明.miRNA和前列腺癌发生发展的关系[J].东南大学学报:医学版,2012,31(4):512-515.
[6] LI G,ZHANG H,WANG X,et al.Long noncoding RNA plays a key role in metastasis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Biomed Res Int.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/780521,2014-03-16.
[7] WILUSZ J E,SUNWOO H,SPECTOR D L.Long noncoding RNAs:functional surprises from the RNA world[J].Genes Dev,2009,23(13):1494-1504.
[8] KIM E D,SUNG S.Long noncoding RNA:unveiling hidden layer of gene regulatory networks[J].Trends Plant Sci,2012,17( 1):16-21.
[9] YOON J H,ABDELMOHSEN K,GOROSPE M.Posttranscriptional gene regulation by long noncoding RNA[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,2013,425(19):3723-3730.
[10] MITCHELL P S,PARKIN R K,KROH E M,et al.Circulating microRNAs as stable blood-based markers for cancer detection[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105:10513-10518.
[11] GORDANPOUR A,NAM R K,SUGAR L,et al.MicroRNAs in prostate cancer:from biomarkers to molecularly-based therapeutics[J].Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis,2012,4:314-319.
[12] SELTH L A,TOWNLEY S,GILLIS J L,et al.Discovery of circulating microRNAs associated with human prostate cancer using a mouse model of disease[J].Int J Cancer,2012,131(3):652-661.
[13] MOLTZAHN F,OLSHEN A B,BAEHNER L,et al.Microfluidic-based multiplex qRT-PCR identifies diagnostic and prognostic microRNA signatures in the sera of prostate cancer patients[J].Cancer Research,2011,71(2):550-560.
[14] YAMAN-AGAOGLU F,KOVANCILAR M,DIZDAR Y,et al.Investigation of miR-21,miR-141,and miR-221 in blood circulation of patients with prostate cancer[J].Tumour Biology,2011,32(3):583-588.
[15] SCHAEFER A,JUNG M,MOLLENKOPF H J,et al.,Diagnostic and prognostic implications of microRNA profiling in prostate carcinoma[J].Int J Cancer,2010,126(5):1166-1176.
[16] MARTENSUZUNOVA E S,JALAVA S E,DITS N F,et al.Diagnostic and prognostic signatures from the small non-coding RNA transcriptome in prostate cancer[J].Oncogene,2012,31(8):978-991.
[17] AMBS S,PRUEITT R L,YI M,et al.Genomic profiling of microRNA and messenger RNA reveals deregulated microRNA expression in prostate cancer[J].Cancer Research,2008,68(15):6162-6170.
[18] BRASE J C,JOHANNES M,SCHLOMM T,et al.Circulating miRNAs are correlated with tumor progression in prostate cancer[J].Int J Cancer,2011,128(3):608-616.
[19] 卢凯,许斌,陈述求,等.miR-196a对于去势抵抗性前列腺癌细胞的增殖及凋亡的调控[J].现代医学,2013,41(9):613-616.
[20] BRYANT R J,PAWLOWSKI T,CATTO J W,et al.Changes in circulating microRNA levels associated with prostate cancer[J].Brit J Cancer,2012,106(4):768-774.
[21] SANTOS J I,TEIXEIRA A L,DIAS F,et al.Influence of peripheral whole-blood microRNA-7 and microRNA-221 high expression levels on the acquisition of castration-resistant prostate cancer:evidences fromin vitro and in vivo studies[J].Tumor Biology,2014,35(7):7105-7113.
[22] ZHANG H L,YANG L F,ZHU Y,et al.a Serum miRNA-21:elevated levels in patients with metastatic hormonerefractory prostate cancer and potential predictive factor for the efficacy of docetaxel-based chemotherapy[J].Prostate,2011,71(3):326-331.
[23] LIN H M,CASTILLO L,MAHON K L,et al.Circulating microRNAs are associated with docetaxel chemotherapy outcome incastration-resistant prostate cancer[J].Brit J Cancer,2014,110(10):2462-2471.
[24] GONZALES J C,FINK L M,GOODMAN O B,et al.Comparison of circulating MicroRNA 141 to circulating tumor cells,lactate dehydrogenase,and prostate-specific antigen for determining treatment response in patients with metastatic prostate cancer[J].Clin Genitourin Canc,2011,9(1):39-45.
[25] SRIVASTAVA A,GOLDBERGER H,DIMTCHEV A,et al.MicroRNA profiling in prostate cancer—the diagnostic potential of urinary miR-205 and miR-214.PLoS ONE.http://10.1371/journal.pone.0076994,2013-10-22.
[26] JIN G,SUN J,ISAACS S D,et al.Human polymorphisms at long non-coding RNAs (1ncRNAs) and association with prostate cancer risk[J].Carcinogenesis,2011,32(11):1655-1659.
[27] AL-OLAMA A A,KOTE-JARAI Z,GLIES G G,et al.Multiple loci on 8q24 associated with prostate cancer susceptibility[J].Nat Genet,2009,41(10):1058-1060.
[28] PRENSNER J R,LYER M K,SAHU A,et al.The long noncoding RNA SChLAP1 promotes aggressive prostate cancer and antagonizes the SWI/SNF complex[J].Nat Genet,2013,45(11):1392-1398.
[29] HESSELS D,KLEIN-GUNNEWIEK J M,van OORT I, et al.DD3(PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer[J].Eur Urol,2003,44(1):8-15.
[30] HESSELS D,SCHALKEN J A.The use of PCA3 in the diagnosis of prostate cancer[J].Nat Rev Urol,2009,6(5):255-261.
[31] LEYTEN G H,HESSELS D,JANNINK S A,et al.Prospective multicentre evaluation of PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions as diagnostic and prognostic urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer[J].Eur Urol,2014,65(3):534-542.
[32] LIN D W,NEWCOMB L F,BROWN E C,et al.Urinary TMPRSS2:ERG and PCA3 in an active surveillance cohort:results from a baseline analysis in the Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study[J].Clin Cancer Res,2013,19(9):2442-2450.
[33] SILVER D P,RICHARDSON A L,EKLUND A C,et al.Efficacy of neoadjuvant cisplatin in triple-negative breast cancer[J].J Clin Oncol,2010,28(7):1145-1153.
[34] BONCI D,COPPOLA V,MUSUMECI M,et al.The miR-15a-miR-16-1 cluster controls prostate cancer by targeting multiple oncogenic activities[J].Nat Med,2008,14(11):1271-1277.
[35] FONTANA L,FIORI M E,ALBINI S,et al.AntagomiR-17-5p abolishes the growth oftherapy-resistant neuroblastoma through p21 and BIM.PLoS ONE.http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article？id=10.1371/journal.pone.0002236, 2008-05-21.
[36] KHALIL A M,GUTTMAN M,HUARTE M,et al.Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2009,106(28):11667-11672.
[37] SANTEL A,ALEKU M,KEIL O,et al.RNA interference in the mouse vascular endothelium by systemic administration of siRNA-lipoplexes for cancer therapy[J].Gene Ther,2006,13(18):1360-1370.
[38] XIA C F,ZHANG Y,ZHANG Y,et al.Intravenous siRNA of brain cancer with receptor targeting and avidin-biotin technology[J].Pharm Res,2007,24(12):2309-2316.