目的:总结国内外金纳米放疗增敏研究进展。方法: 应用PubMed和CNKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"金纳米;辐射/放疗"为关键词,检索1985年1月至2013年10月的有关文献。纳入标准:(1) 金纳米放疗增敏的机制及剂量学研究;(2) 金纳米放疗增敏的体外细胞研究及体内动物研究。根据纳入标准筛选文献,选择具有代表性38篇文献进行综述。结果:低能光子与金纳米作用,增加光电效应发生几率,产生的低能电子在金纳米表面能量沉淀,剂量学研究显示金纳米表面剂量呈同心圆状分布;体外实验显示金纳米对肿瘤细胞有放疗增敏效应,但与光子能量、金纳米尺径、浓度有关,部分研究显示增敏具有细胞选择性;动物实验也显示金纳米具有体内增敏效应,部分研究可延长生存。结论:剂量学及体内外实验研究显示金纳米具有增加能量吸收、放疗增敏效应,但还须进一步深入研究才可实现临床转化。

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