肝转移是结直肠癌患者死亡的主要原因，40%~50%的患者在原发灶切除术后会发生肝转移，肝转移的早期诊断是判断患者在获得根治性手术后能否长期生存的关键。一期或分期肝切除术是肝转移患者的首选，可切除性肝转移患者5年生存率可达25%~44%，但不可切除性肝转移患者的中位生存期不超过2年。因此，尽早识别肝转移对于延长结直肠癌患者的生存期至关重要。目前肝转移的早期诊断多依赖于影像学及定期的临床和血清学检查，这些监测手段缺乏足够的灵敏度和特异性。寻找肝转移早期诊断的新方法是当前研究的热点，作者对从患者结直肠癌原发灶、血清中寻找与肝转移相关分子标记物的研究进行总结综述，以期为结直肠癌肝转移的早期诊断提供多维度的新思路。

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