锰是机体必需的金属元素，对维持大脑正常功能起到重要作用。锰过多或缺乏会对机体产生有害的影响。二价金属离子转运体（divalent metal-ion transporter-1，DMT1）参与机体内锰的转运。作者对近年有关这两方面的研究作一综述。

[1] VIDAL S M,BELOUCHI A,CELLIER M,et al.Cloning and characterization of a second human NRAMP gene on chromosome 12q131[J].Mamm Genome,1995,6(4):224-230.
[2] McKIE A T,BARROW D,LATUNDE-DAT A G O,et al.An iron-regulated ferric reductase associated with the absorption of dietary iron[J].Science,2001,291(5509):1755-1759.
[3] LEE P L,GELBART T,WEST C,et al.The human nramp2 gene:characterization of the gene structure,alternative splicing; promoter region and polymorphisms[J].Blood Cell Mol Dis,1998,24(2):199-215.
[4] KE Y,QIAN Z M.Brain iron metabolism:neurobiology and neurochemistry[J].Prog Neurobiol,2007,83(3):149-173.
[5] SU M A,TRENOR C C,FLEMING J C,et al.The G185R mutation disrupts function of the iron transporter Nramp2[J].Blood,1998,92(6):2157-2163.
[6] MIMS M P,GUAN Y,POSPISILOVA D,et al.Identification of a human mutation of DMT1 in a patient with microcytic anemia and iron overload[J].Blood,2005,105(3):1337-1342.
[7] IOLASCON A,D'APOLITO M,SERVEDIO V,et al.Microcytic anemia and hepatic iron overload in a child with compound heterozygous mutations in DMT1 (SCL11A2)[J].Blood,2006,107(1):349-354.
[8] BEAUMONT C,DELAUNAY J,HETET G,et al.Two new human DMT1 gene mutations in a patient with microcytic anemia,low ferritinemia,and liver iron overload[J].Blood,2006,107(10):4168-4170.
[9] SALAZAR J,MENA N,HUNOT S,et al.Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) contributes to neurodegeneration in animal models of Parkinson's disease[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2008,105(47):18578-1883.
[10] 陈瑛,竺飞燕,王炼,等.DMT1在多巴胺能神经元变性中的作用研究[J].中国病理生理杂志,2011,27(2):350-356.
[11] NEVO Y.Site-directed mutagenesis investigation of coupling properties of metal ion transport by DCT1[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,2008,1778(1):334-341.
[12] GRUENHEID S,CANONNE-HERGAUX F,GAUTHIER S,et al.The iron transport protein NRAMP2 is an integral membrane glycoprotein that colocalizes with transferrin in recycling endosomes[J].J Exp Med,1999,189(5):831-841.
[13] POST J E.Manganese oxide minerals:crystal structures and economic and environmental significance[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,1999,96(7):3447-3454.
[14] LIAO S L,CHEN C J.Manganese stimulates stellation of cultured rat cortical astrocytes[J].Neuroreport,2001,12(18):3877-3881.
[15] TAKEDA A,SOTOGAKU N,OKU N.Influence of manganese on the release of neurotransmitters in rat striatum[J].Brain Res,2003,965(1-2):279-282.
[16] BOOJAR M M,GOODARZI F.A longitudinal follow-up of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to manganese[J].J Occup Environ Med,2002,44(3):282-290.
[17] DORMAN D C,McMANUS B E,PARKINSON C U,et al.Nasal toxicity of manganese sulfate and manganese phosphate in young male rats following subchronic (13-week) inhalation exposure[J].Inhal Toxicol,2004,16(6-7):481-488.
[18] BARANSKI B.Effects of the workplace on fertility and related reproductive outcomes[J].Environ Health Perspect,1993,101( Suppl 2):81-90.
[19] DORMAN D C,STRUVE M F,WONG B A.Brain manganese concentrations in rats following manganese tetroxide inhalation are unaffected by dietary manganese intake[J].Neurotoxicology,2002,23(2):185-195.
[20] CERSOSIMO M G,KOLLER W C.The diagnosis of manganese-induced parkinsonism[J].Neurotoxicology,2006,27(3):340-346.
[21] OLANOW C W.Manganese-induced parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease[J].Ann N Y Acad Sci,2004,1012:209-223.
[22] CHIU W L,JOHN J,RICHARD M C,et al.Pulmonary toxicity of single wall carbon nanotube sin mice 7 and 90 days after intratracheal instillation[J].Toxicol Sci,2004,77:126-134.
[23] CHILLAPPAGARI S,MIETHKE M,TRIP H,et al.Copper acquisition is mediated by YcnK and regulated by YcnK and CsoR in bacillus subtilis[J].J Bacterilo,2009,191:2362-2370.
[24] CORBIN J G,GALANO N,JULIANO S L,et al.Regulation of neural progenitor cell development in the nervous system[J].J Neurocytol,2008,106:2272-2287.
[25] OSZLANCZI G,VEZER T,SARKOZI L,et al.Functional neurotoxicity of Mn-containing nanoparticles in rats[J].Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2010,73(8):2004-2009.
[26] OSZLANCZI G,VEZER T,SARKOZI L,et al.Metal deposition and functional neurotoxicity in rats after 3-6 weeks nasal exposure by two physicochemical forms of manganese[J].Environ Toxicol Pharmacol,2010,30(2):121-126.
[27] 毛彩霞,田熙科,杨光涛,等.纳米MnO₂与常规MnO₂粉末对HeLa细胞DNA损伤的对比研究[J].生态毒理学报,2007,2(2):190-195.
[28] GARRICK M D,DOLAN K G,HORBINSKI C,et al.DMT1:a mammalian transporter for multiple metals[J].Biometals,2003,16(1):41-54.
[29] HE L,GIRIJASHANKER K,DALTON T P,et al.ZIP8,member of the solutecarrier-39(SLC39)metal-transporter family:characterization of transporter properties[J].Mol Pharmacol,2006,70(1):171-180.
[30] LUCACIU C M,DRAGU C,COPAESCU L,et al.Manganese transport through human erythrocyte membranes[J].Biochim Biophys Acta,1997,1328(2):90-98.
[31] RICCIO A,MATTEI C,KELSELL R E,et al.Cloning and functional expression of human short TRP7,a candidate protein for store-operated Ca²⁺ influx[J].J Biol Chem,2002,277(14):12302-12309.
[32] KANNURPATTI S S,JOSHI P G,JOSHI N B.Calcium sequestering ability of mitochondria modulates influx of calcium through glutamate receptor channel[J].Neurochem Res,2000,25(12):1527-1536.
[33] CHUA A C,MORGAN E H.Manganese metabolism is impaired in the Belgrade laboratory rat[J].J Comp Physiol,1997,167:361-369.
[34] KNOPFEL M,ZHAO L,GARRICK M D.Transport of divalent transition-metal ions is lost in small-intestinal tissue of b/b Belgrade rats[J].Biochemistry,2005,44(9):3454-3465.
[35] GARCIA S J,GELLEIN K,SYVERSEN T,et al.A manganese-enhanced diet alters brain metals and transporters in the developing brain[J].Toxicol Sci,2006,92(2):516-525.
[36] WANG X,LI G J,ZHENG W.Upregulation of DMT1 expression in choroidal epithelia of the blood-CSF barrier following manganese exposure in vitro[J].Brain Res,2006,1097(1):1-10.
[37] LUDWICZEK S,AIGNER E,THEURL I,et al.Cytokine-mediated regulation of iron transport in human monocytic cells[J].Blood,2003,101:4148-4154.
[38] BAI S P,LU L,WANG R L,et al.Manganese source affects manganese transport and gene expression of divalent metal transporter 1 in the small intestine of broilers[J].Br J Nutr,2012,108:267-276.
[39] HE Q,DU T,YU X,et al.DMT1 polymorphism and risk of Parkinson's disease[J].Neurosci Lett,2011,501(3):128-131.
[40] THOMPSON K,MOLINA R M,DONAGHEY T,et al.Olfactory uptake of manganese requires DMT1 and is enhanced by anemia[J].FASEB J,2007,21(1):223-230.
[41] KE Y,CHANG Y Z,DUAN X L,et al.Age-dependent and iron-independent expression of two mRNA isoforms of divalent metal transporter 1 in rat brain[J].Neurobiol Aging,2005,26(5):739-748.