卵巢癌是严重威胁妇女健康的恶性肿瘤之一，其发生的分子机制尚不清楚。近年来调查显示，在绝经期进行雌激素治疗的女性发生上皮性卵巢癌的风险明显上升，但目前对雌激素在卵巢癌发生发展中的作用机制还不清楚。有证据表明，在正常卵巢组织中主要表达雌激素受体（ER）β，在发生上皮性卵巢癌后ERα表达升高，且ERα/ERβ比值上调，这表明雌激素受体可能在上皮性卵巢癌发生发展中起重要的作用。作者就雌激素、雌激素受体与上皮性卵巢癌之间的关系以及雌激素的作用机制作一综述。

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