Objective: To understand the disease constitute and the death causes of cancer inpatients. Methods: Statistical analysis of 94 853 cancer inpatients from 2002 to 2012 in Sichuan Cancer Hospital was retrospectively conducted. Results: From 2002 to 2012 in patients with malignant tumor in the top 10 disease types were lung cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, liver cancer, gastric cancer, lymphoma, ovarian cancer, accounting for 82% of all malignant tumor patients. Total hospital mortality of patients was 2.7%, total male mortality was 3.4% higher than that of female 2% (P<0.001) from 2002 to 2012; tumor patients in hospital with male, female and total mortality were significantly decreased (P<0.001). The 10 leading causes of death of malignant tumors in patients with lung cancer, liver cancer, as follows: colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, lymphoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, accounting for 81.3% of the total deaths; wherein, pancreatic cancer has the highest mortality was 9.6%, the lowest of 1.08% nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The patients had different causes of death between male and females; among the top 10 causes of death, there was a higher mortality rate for esophageal cancer in male than in female (P=0.046), and a higher gastric cancer mortality in women than men (P=0.003). The patients of different ages had different causes of death, among the top 10 causes of death, lung cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer in people over the age of 60 had a higher mortality rate (P<0.001). Conclusion: The constitution of in-patient in Sichuan Cancer Hospital is defined, which could provide a scientific basis for disease prevention and control. Lung cancer, cervical cancer, esophageal cancer were important turnors need to focus on prevention and treatment.