Objective  To study the changes of RBC immunity of esophageal carcinoma(EC) patients by application of Aidi injection after operation for 7 days and interpret the mechanism.Method  Aidi was postoperatively injected to EC patients,the perioperative RBC immunity was detected by Guofeng’s methods.Results  The rates of RBC?C  3bR?TR in esophageal cancer patients were much lower than that of controls and the rates of RBC?ICR was significantly higher than that of controls(  P  <0.01).The rates of RBC?C  3bR?TR detected after removal of the carcinoma were significantly higher than that of patients before operation,but still lower than that of controls,the rate of RBC?ICR detected after removing the carcinoma was significantly lower than that of patients before operation(  P  <  0.01  ),but still higher than that of controls(  P  <  0.01  ).The same changes also happened in experiment group,but much fast than the controls.7 days after operation,the level of red cell immune of experiment group were similar to normal objects (  P  >0.05)and better than the controls.14 days after operation,there was no significantly difference between experiment and control group (  P  >0.01).Conclusion  The red  cell immunity in EC patients was suppressed,injury from operation and anaesthesia makes further suppression.Aidi injection can kill tumour cells and promote the red  cell immunity,the monitoring of these parameters is of significance for the study of therapeutic efficacy and prognosis judgement.