Objective To evaluate the therapeutic potential of doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles in vivo using an animal model established by the implantation of G422 glioblastoma into mice brains.Methods G422 glioblastoma cells were implanted into white matters of mice.Mice having received implantation were randomized into 6 groups,which received varying doses of doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles or doxorubicin in saline or blank treatment respectively.Doxorubicin were injected intravenously into their tail veins on days 2,5 and 8.Two mice were selected to receive either FCM or HE stain from the groups treated with 3×2.5 mg·kg^{-1} doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles,doxorubicin in saline and blank treatment on day 10 respectively.Results Mice treated with doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles in highest dose had significantly higher survival times compared with the group treated with doxorubicin in saline.The therapeutic effects of nanoparticles loaded with varying doses of doxorubicin were correlated with the dosages of doxorubicin loaded.Histologic pathological examination of brains confirmed that the nontreated mice developed tumors with the largest volume,while the mice treated with doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticle in highest dosage developed a minimal tumor size.The mice treated with doxorubicin in saline had diffusely invasive tumors,in contrast,mice treated with doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticle in highest dosage had solid tumors with clear margin.Conclusion The therapy of doxorubicin bound to nanoparticles offers a therapeutic potential for the treatment of human glioblastoma.