禽流行性感冒病毒简称禽流感病毒(AIV),属于正粘病毒科、流感病毒属.流感病毒根据可溶性抗原不同可分为A、B、C 3型,只有 A 型(AIV)易变异[1],并可在禽、人、猪、马和海洋哺乳动物中暴发流行,出现轻度呼吸疾病到严重败血症等.1878 年 AIV 在意大利首次暴发,其后在英、法、德等欧洲国家和美国均有流行.高致病性 AIV H5N1 于 1997 年在香港致 6 人死亡,2003～2004 年在亚洲致 4 人死亡,2003 年 H7N7 在荷兰致 1 人死亡[2].AIV 给人类健康已带来严重威胁,引起全球的极大关注,AIV 检测技术也随之成为人们研究的热点.现就近年来 AIV检测技术研究进展作一综述.

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