超声心动图可以探查心脏及大血管结构,发现解剖及功能异常,能够及时发现心脏结构及功能变化,为临床治疗提供有用资料,是简便无创的诊断和预后判断工具。床旁超声心动图在重症医学科中最常见的适应证是左心室功能的评价、不明原因低血压的鉴别诊断、心力衰竭的诊断及程度判断以及心血管急重症的诊断及病情严重程度判断等。其中血流动力学不稳定是大约50%重症患者需行床旁超声心动图检查的适应证。床旁超声心动图可以用来评估重症患者的容量状态及容量反应性,能够快速提供关于左心室大小、收缩、舒张功能的信息,反映明显的瓣膜反流和血液分流等血流动力学异常。

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