Objective: To discuss the feasiblity of the gasless retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy under non-general anesthesia. Methods: The clinical data of 112 inpatients, who failed extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or other therapies from June 2006 to June 2011, was summarized. 53 cases of experimental group were treated by gasless non-general anesthesia retroperitoneal laparoscopy using the collapsible distraction device with soft-handle.Over the same period 59 cases of control group were treated by traditional retroperitoneal laparoscopy.Every patient’s medical record including operation time, amount of blood loss, hypercapnia, nausea and vomiting. Results: There were no significant differences between operation time and blood loss in these two groups(P>0.05). But the possible complications such as hypercapnia, nausea and vomiting caused by pneumoperitoneum and general anesthesia had declined significantly in experimental group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The gasless retroperitoneal laparoscopy under non-general anesthesia by using the collapsible distraction device with soft-handle is less invasive as opposed to traditional retroperitoneal laparoscopy; patients are willing to accept it for its advantages of less pain and rapid recovery. At the same time the possible complications of hypercapnia, nausea, vomiting, etc which caused by pneumoperitoneum or general anesthesia had declined significantly.