婴幼儿气质的发展特点研究-东南大学学报医学版

婴幼儿气质的发展特点研究

单位：东南大学儿童发展与学习科学教育部重点实验室, 江苏南京 210096

分类号：R174

出版年·卷·期（页码）：2012·31·第三期（290-294）

摘要：

目的:追踪研究婴幼儿的气质发展特点。方法:采用Rothbart等编制的气质问卷,以410名婴幼儿为对象,由母亲报告6、14个月婴幼儿的气质特征,研究6~14个月期间婴幼儿气质的发展特点。结果:6个月时,男孩的微笑和大笑显著多于女孩,恐惧显著少于女孩;14个月时,男孩的受限后沮丧显著多于女孩。在6~14个月期间,婴幼儿的活动性水平、微笑和大笑显著减少;受限后沮丧和恐惧则显著增多。6个月的气质与14个月的气质显著正相关,相关系数在0.35~0.40之间。结论:婴幼儿气质的性别差异随发展阶段而异。在6~14个月期间,气质各维度的绝对水平呈现不同的发展模式,婴幼儿气质呈现中等程度的相对稳定性。

Objective: The present study aimed to explore the developmental characteristics of children temperament during infant period and the beginning of toddler period. Methods: 410 infants aged at 6 months and toddlers aged at 14 months were recruited. Their temperament was reported by their mothers with the Infant Behavior Questionnaire at each time point. Results: Boys at 6 months showed higher scores in smiling and laughter and lower scores in fear than girls, and boys at 14 months showed higher scores in distress to limitations than girls. From 6 to 14 months,activity level, smiling and laughter were decreased while fear and distress to limitations were increased. The infants’temperament showed significantly positive correlation with the toddlers’temperament and the correlation coefficients ranged 0.35-0.40. Conclusion: The gender difference in temperament varied with infants’developmental stage. When infants grew from 6 to 14 months, the temperament showed moderate stability.

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