In design of biomaterials for bone repair and regeneration, the principle is to mimic the foundational composition of natural bone, which is based on nanoapatite crystals and organic substrate to fabricate bioactive materials. In the nano composite, nanoapatite crystals endow with good bioactivity and biological response for osteocytes and osseous tissues. The fine coordination of the composite integrates the high strength of organic substrate and the compressive strength of nanoapatite crystals to support mechanical load and impact. As important as the molecular constituents are the structural factors, which include different levels of organization and controlled orientation. This paper reviews the latest contributions on mineralized materials, different nano technologies used in design and production of nano composites for bone regeneration, new structure that could inspire or delivery biogenic factors for cells adhesion and proliferation, similar to bone extracellular matrix. Suggestions are also presented as to the desirable design features that would make an engineered device clinically effective.