目的：探讨普罗布考对糖尿病肾病（DKD）大鼠转化生长因子-β1/Samd6/骨形成蛋白7（TGF-β1/Samd6/BMP7）信号通路的影响及其意义。方法：选取40只DKD大鼠，随机分为DKD组和普罗布考组各20只，另取健康SD大鼠20只为对照组，DKD组和对照组每日予生理盐水0.2 ml·kg^-1灌胃，普罗布考组每日予普罗布考50 mg·kg^-1灌胃，均连续给药12周。给药前后分别检测空腹血糖（BG）、尿肌酐（Ucr）、内生肌酐清除率（Ccr）、24 h尿蛋白（24 h UP）以及治疗后肾组织TGF-β1、Samd6、BMP7蛋白和mRNA表达。结果：治疗后，普罗布考组BG、Ucr、Ccr、24 h UP以及TGF-β1蛋白和mRNA表达均显著降低（P<0.05），Samd6、BMP7蛋白和mRNA表达显著增高（P<0.05），大鼠肾脏的病理表现介于正常组和DKD组之间。结论：普罗布考可上调Samd6、BMP7蛋白和mRNA表达，下调TGF-β1蛋白和mRNA的表达，通过影响TGF-β1/Samd6/BMP7信号通路的转导而减轻肾间质纤维化，延缓DKD进展。

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