多发性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma，MM）是不可治愈的血液系统恶性肿瘤，很多研究认为，骨髓瘤中存在的具有自我更新及不断分化能力的肿瘤干细胞（MM stem cell，MMSC）与疾病的复发和耐药密切相关。MMSC靶向治疗已成为现阶段的研究热点，但是MMSC的免疫表型仍不清楚，关于MMSC是否表达syndecan-1/CD138抗原目前有争议。为进一步探究MMSC的免疫表型与调节机制，作者对不同免疫表型的MM细胞自我更新及分化能力、CD138⁺与CD138^-MM细胞生物学特征的差异与机制的研究进展作一综述，并探讨这两类细胞间的关联。

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