帕多瓦、维也纳、WHO分类标准被制定用来统一胃上皮内瘤变的诊断。目前认为上皮内瘤变具有进展为癌的风险，分级越高癌变风险越大。近来的新型诊断方法如放大内镜联合图像增强内镜技术被期待能改善胃上皮内瘤变的诊断率。目前指南建议胃高级别上皮内瘤变病变行内镜下切除治疗，对低级别上皮内瘤变病变目前尚无明确的治疗方法。当白光内镜下存在病变较大、表面凹陷、表面发红、表面结节、溃疡、糜烂等危险因素和（或）放大内镜联合IEE技术内镜下发现阳性病变，如不规则的表面微血管、不规则的表面微结构伴有境界清楚的边界，则建议行内镜下治疗。

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